Autism after DSM 5: the potential impact in one child's case

Elizabeth Harstad1, Carrie Mauras, Laura Weissman

  • 1*Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Developmental Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine; and †Boston Medical Center, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

Insights

This case study examines a 21-month-old boy with speech delay, initially meeting criteria for autistic disorder under DSM-4-TR but not ASD under DSM-5. Diagnostic clarification and treatment recommendations are discussed.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Child Psychology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • A 21-month-old boy presents with speech and language delay, impacting communication and social interaction.
  • Normal audiology assessment and average cognitive skills contrast with below-average language and gross motor skills.

Observation:

  • The child exhibits decreased eye contact, limited verbal communication, and minimal use of nonverbal cues.
  • He shows little interest in social interaction, preferring solitary play and specific repetitive behaviors like watching spinning wheels.
  • Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Toddler Module results were concerning for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Findings:

  • The child meets criteria for autistic disorder under DSM-4-TR but not ASD under the revised DSM-5 criteria.
  • Diagnostic discrepancies highlight the impact of evolving diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need for careful diagnostic consideration, especially with evolving criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Recommendations focus on addressing deficits in social communication and language development for improved outcomes.
Abstract

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