Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

2.0K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
2.0K
The Retina01:32

The Retina

56.6K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
56.6K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

8.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
8.6K
Vision01:24

Vision

48.6K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
48.6K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.5K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perceptual resolution of ambiguity: A divisive normalization account for both interocular color grouping and difference enhancement.

Journal of vision·2026
Same author

Perceptual Resolution of Ambiguity: Can Tuned, Divisive Normalization Account for both Interocular Similarity Grouping and Difference Enhancement.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Ambiguity is a linking feature for interocular grouping.

Journal of vision·2022
Same author

Ambiguous chromatic neural representations: Perceptual resolution by grouping.

Current opinion in behavioral sciences·2022
Same author

Binocularly-driven competing neural responses and the perceptual resolution of color.

Journal of vision·2021
Same author

The Certainty of Ambiguity in Visual Neural Representations.

Annual review of vision science·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

8.6K

Do S cones contribute to color-motion feature binding?

Wei Wang, Steven K Shevell

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |April 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated how S-cones impact visual binding errors. Results show S-cone signals are crucial for accurate color-motion binding, challenging previous assumptions.

    Area of Science:

    • Visual neuroscience
    • Color vision research
    • Perceptual psychology

    Background:

    • Color-motion binding errors occur when visual stimuli incorrectly link color and movement.
    • Previous research suggested L- and M-cones primarily regulate these binding errors.
    • The role of S-cones in this process remained unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if S-cone (blue-yellow) photoreceptor signals contribute to color-motion feature-binding errors.
    • To assess the neural representation of color at the feature-binding level.
    • To investigate whether binding errors depend on S-cone responses to illusory motion direction.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments manipulated chromatic differences between central and peripheral visual objects.

    More Related Videos

    Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors
    14:35

    Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors

    Published on: January 5, 2010

    11.3K
    Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina
    09:05

    Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

    Published on: May 6, 2015

    12.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 1, 2026

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation
    04:43

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation

    Published on: April 24, 2017

    8.6K
    Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors
    14:35

    Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors

    Published on: January 5, 2010

    11.3K
    Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina
    09:05

    Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

    Published on: May 6, 2015

    12.3K
  • Chromaticity differences were varied along the L/M-cone (red-green) and S-cone (blue-yellow) axes.
  • Observed the frequency of color-motion binding errors in the periphery.

    • Main Results:

    • Color-motion binding errors were frequently observed, consistent with prior studies.
    • The occurrence of these binding errors in the periphery was significantly influenced by the S-cone excitation difference between central and peripheral stimuli.
    • No significant dependence on L/M-cone axis differences was noted for binding errors.

    Conclusions:

    • The neural representation of color involved in color-motion feature binding relies on input from S-cones, not just L- and M-cones.
    • S-cone signals play a critical role in regulating the accuracy of color-motion binding.
    • This finding refines our understanding of how the brain integrates color and motion information.