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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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Common conditions in the overhead athlete.

Eric W Edmonds1, Douglas D Dengerink2

  • 1Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.

American Family Physician
|April 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Overhead athletes face unique shoulder injury risks due to repetitive motions. Treatment involves strengthening, stretching, and sport-specific exercises, with surgery as a last resort.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Overhead athletes experience unique shoulder injury risks from specific arm mechanics.
  • Repetitive overhead motions can lead to rotator cuff and labral impingement.
  • SICK scapula syndrome is associated with increased injury risk in overhead athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and diagnosis of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes.
  • To outline conservative and surgical management strategies for these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biomechanical factors contributing to overhead athlete shoulder injuries.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including physical examination and MRI.
  • Outline of rehabilitation principles: strengthening, stretching, and sport-specific training.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Main Results:

  • Specific athletic activities increase the risk of rotator cuff and labral pathology.
  • SICK scapula syndrome is a recognized risk factor for shoulder injury.
  • Conservative management is the primary treatment, with surgery reserved for persistent cases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the biomechanics of overhead activities is crucial for injury prevention.
  • Early diagnosis and a comprehensive rehabilitation program are key to managing shoulder injuries in overhead athletes.
  • Arthroscopic surgery is an option for refractory cases after a trial of conservative care.