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Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy.

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Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy did not significantly impact primary outcomes like perinatal mortality or pre-eclampsia. More high-quality research is needed to confirm any benefits for maternal and infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Magnesium is a vital mineral for numerous bodily functions, including temperature regulation and protein synthesis.
  • Low magnesium intake is prevalent in certain populations, particularly among pregnant women.
  • Pregnancy magnesium supplementation is hypothesized to improve fetal growth and reduce pre-eclampsia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on magnesium's effects in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register for relevant studies.
  • Primary outcomes included perinatal mortality, small-for-gestational age, maternal mortality, and pre-eclampsia.

Main Results:

  • Ten trials involving 9090 women were included; overall, magnesium supplementation showed no significant difference in perinatal mortality, small-for-gestational age, or pre-eclampsia.
  • A possible increased risk of neonatal death was observed, but this was attributed to confounding factors in one large trial and requires cautious interpretation.
  • Magnesium supplementation was associated with reduced Apgar scores <7, meconium-stained liquor, late fetal heart decelerations, mild hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, and fewer hospitalizations.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence from ten trials is insufficient to establish the benefits of dietary magnesium supplementation during pregnancy.
  • Only two of the ten included trials were of high quality, limiting definitive conclusions.
  • Further high-quality research is necessary to ascertain the efficacy and safety of magnesium supplementation in pregnancy.