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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Author Spotlight: Establishing an Accurate Microhardness Testing Protocol for Craniofacial Tissues

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Surface changes of enamel and dentin after two different bleaching procedures.

Eva Klarić, Marijan Marcius, Mira Ristić

Acta Clinica Croatica

|April 5, 2014

Summary

High-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents reduce enamel and dentin microhardness. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) gel effectively remineralizes dental tissues, increasing microhardness and improving surface roughness after bleaching.

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials
Remineralization Therapies

Background:

Dental bleaching agents, particularly those with high hydrogen peroxide concentrations, can alter the chemical, physical, and morphological properties of enamel and dentin.
Understanding these effects is crucial for managing potential side effects during professional dental whitening procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of two professional-grade, high-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents (ZOOM2 and Opalescence BOOST) on human enamel and dentin.
To assess the remineralizing potential of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) gel on dental hard tissues post-bleaching.

Main Methods:

In vitro study using 25 human third molars, bisected and treated with ZOOM2 or Opalescence BOOST.
Vickers microhardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess enamel and dentin before and after bleaching and remineralization treatments.
Statistical analysis included mixed model ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.

Main Results:

Both bleaching agents significantly reduced enamel and dentin microhardness (p < 0.001).
ZOOM2, with a lower pH, caused a greater microhardness reduction compared to Opalescence BOOST (p = 0.005).
Post-treatment with artificial saliva and ACP gel significantly increased microhardness (p < 0.001) and improved surface roughness.

Conclusions:

Professional bleaching agents significantly decrease dental hard tissue microhardness.
Amorphous calcium phosphate gel demonstrates a significant remineralizing effect, enhancing microhardness and surface characteristics of bleached enamel and dentin.