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When to use the Bonferroni correction.

Richard A Armstrong1

  • 1School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Bonferroni correction is frequently misused in ophthalmic research, often without clear justification. Its routine application may hinder statistical judgment, necessitating careful consideration of study design and hypotheses.

Keywords:
Bonferroni correctionClinical & Experimental OptometryOphthalmic & Physiological OpticsOptometry & Vision Sciencestatistical guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Statistical Science

Background:

  • The Bonferroni correction is a statistical method used to adjust probability (p) values when conducting multiple statistical tests.
  • Its routine application in ophthalmic research is common but has been criticized for potentially compromising sound statistical judgment and altering the balance between Type I and Type II errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey the utilization of the Bonferroni correction in research articles published in three leading optometric journals.
  • To offer guidance to authors on appropriate practices when multiple statistical tests are involved.

Main Methods:

  • A review of research articles published in Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, Optometry & Vision Science, and Clinical & Experimental Optometry.
  • Analysis of how the Bonferroni correction was applied, including the circumstances and rationale provided.

Main Results:

  • A significant portion of authors either ignored the issue of multiple testing or applied the Bonferroni correction uncritically.
  • The Bonferroni method was the most popular, frequently used for correcting experiment-wise or family-wise error rates, often with incorrect adjustments or flawed reasoning.
  • Some studies failed to provide a clear rationale or discussion for employing the correction.

Conclusions:

  • The decision to use the Bonferroni correction should be context-dependent and not routine.
  • Consideration for its use is advised when a single test of the universal null hypothesis is required, avoiding Type I errors is paramount, or numerous tests are performed without pre-specified hypotheses.