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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Aortic coarctation and the retinal microvasculature.

Laurianne Le Gloan1, Hadi Chakor1, Lise-Andrée Mercier1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

International Journal of Cardiology
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adults with repaired aortic coarctation show unique retinal vascular changes, including artery and vein tortuosity that decreases with age. Increased tortuosity is linked to higher cardiovascular risks in older patients.

Keywords:
Aortic coarctationCardiovascular risk factorsHypertensionRetinal vessels

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Aortic coarctation is linked to generalized vascular disease.
  • Retinal vascular patterns in adults with aortic coarctation are not well understood.
  • This study investigates retinal vascular changes and their long-term implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize retinal vascular disease in adults with repaired aortic coarctation.
  • To explore age-related effects on these vascular patterns.
  • To identify associations between retinal vascular changes and cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, cross-sectional study of 60 adults with repaired aortic coarctation.
  • Data collection included questionnaires, imaging, laboratory tests, and nonmydriatic digital funduscopy.
  • Retinal images were analyzed for arterial and venous tortuosity.

Main Results:

  • No hypertensive retinopathy was observed.
  • A distinct pattern of bilateral, symmetric arterial and venous tortuosity was found in most patients.
  • Arterial tortuosity decreased with age and was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients 45 years and older. Venous tortuosity also correlated with cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • Repaired aortic coarctation is associated with a unique retinal vascular pattern of increased arterial and venous tortuosity.
  • This tortuosity diminishes with age.
  • Elevated tortuosity, particularly in older adults, predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes.