Cutaneous manifestations in children with diabetes mellitus and obesity

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Endocrinology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Obesity and diabetes mellitus are increasing global health concerns affecting both children and adults.
• These chronic conditions impact multiple organs, notably the skin, leading to various dermatological issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and present the spectrum of skin changes observed in children with diabetes mellitus and obesity.
• To emphasize the skin's role in the early clinical suspicion and diagnosis of these systemic diseases in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article synthesizing existing literature on cutaneous manifestations.
• The review focuses on skin conditions associated with pediatric obesity and diabetes mellitus and related syndromes.

Main Results:

• A wide array of skin changes are associated with pediatric obesity and diabetes, including soft fibromas, acanthosis nigricans, striae, xerosis, and keratosis pilaris.
• Other significant findings include plantar hyperkeratosis, increased susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.
• The presentation of these skin conditions often correlates with the duration of the underlying disease.

Conclusions:

• Cutaneous manifestations are significant indicators in children with obesity and diabetes mellitus.
• Dermatological assessment is vital for the early detection and management of these chronic conditions in pediatric patients.