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Extramedullary acute leukemia developing in a pre-existing osteoma cutis
Jian-Feng Wang1, Dennis P O'Malley
1Clarient Pathology Services, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA.
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
|April 5, 2014
Summary
Primary osteoma cutis, a benign skin condition, can rarely manifest extramedullary acute leukemia. This case highlights an unusual initial presentation of myeloid sarcoma within osteoma cutis, later recurring as acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Primary osteoma cutis is a rare, benign condition characterized by bone formation in the skin.
- Extramedullary acute leukemia presents a diagnostic challenge due to variable clinical and histopathologic features.
Observation:
- A 45-year-old man presented with myeloid sarcoma (extramedullary acute leukemia) originating in a pre-existing osteoma cutis.
- Initial presentation showed no systemic acute leukemia or chronic myeloid stem cell disorders.
Findings:
- Surgical excision of the osteoma cutis was successful.
- Four months post-excision, acute leukemia recurred in the mandible with a different immunophenotype (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma).
Implications:
- This is the first reported case of extramedullary acute leukemia developing within osteoma cutis.
- Highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of leukemia and the potential for transformation within pre-existing benign lesions.
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