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Non-invasive ventilation for children with acute respiratory failure in the developing world: literature review and

R E Balfour-Lynn1, G Marsh2, D Gorayi3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA, USA.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|April 5, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) offers a safe, cost-effective treatment for acute respiratory failure in children. This method significantly reduces mortality in developing countries, proving effective even with minimal training.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care
  • Respiratory medicine
  • Global health

Background:

  • Acute respiratory infection causes over 2 million child deaths annually, primarily in developing nations.
  • Supplemental oxygen is standard, but often insufficient for acute respiratory failure (ARF).
  • Intubation and mechanical ventilation are alternatives but carry significant risks, especially in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for treating ARF in pediatric populations in a developing country.
  • To assess the impact of NIPPV on mortality rates in children under 5 years with ARF.
  • To determine if NIPPV can be implemented safely with minimal training in rural healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of NIPPV for ARF treatment in rural Northern Ghana.
  • Observational study design, likely including retrospective data review.
  • Focus on clinical outcomes, particularly mortality, in children under 5 years.

Main Results:

  • NIPPV was delivered safely with minimal training in a rural Ghanaian setting.
  • NIPPV implementation appeared to significantly impact mortality rates for children under 5 years with ARF.
  • NIPPV offers a viable alternative to intubation in resource-limited environments.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is a safe and cost-effective treatment for pediatric ARF in developing countries.
  • NIPPV can significantly reduce mortality in young children with ARF.
  • The successful implementation in Ghana suggests NIPPV is a feasible and impactful intervention for resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory failureDeveloping worldLow incomeNon-invasiveVentilation

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