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Related Concept Videos

Micelles01:30

Micelles

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Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
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Core-shell inversion by pH modulation in dynamic covalent micelles.

R Nguyen1, N Jouault, S Zanirati

  • 1Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France. giuseppone@unistra.fr.

Soft Matter
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created dynamic covalent surfactants that self-assemble into micelles. The micelle structure can be switched by altering pH, demonstrating dynamic constitutional reorganization for tunable self-assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Dynamic covalent chemistry offers responsive and adaptable molecular systems.
  • Surfactant self-assembly into micelles is fundamental to various applications.
  • Controlling micelle architecture, particularly core-shell structures, remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel dynamic covalent surfactants.
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior and micelle formation in aqueous solutions.
  • To explore the possibility of controlling micelle core-shell inversion via pH modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dynamic covalent surfactants via reversible condensation reactions.
  • Characterization of self-assembled structures using scattering techniques.
  • Competition experiments involving amines with varying pKa and polyethylene glycol chain lengths.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized dynamic covalent surfactants from hydrophobic aldehydes and polyethylene glycol-based amines.
  • Demonstrated micelle formation with segregation of charged and neutral hydrophilic domains.
  • Observed core-shell inversion in micelles, switching ionic tip orientation based on polyethylene glycol chain length.
  • Showcased pH-triggered micelle inversion and dynamic constitutional reorganization in competitive self-assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic covalent surfactants enable tunable self-assembly and micelle formation.
  • The core-shell structure of micelles can be reversibly controlled by pH.
  • This work provides a platform for designing responsive materials with switchable properties.