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Acute rhinosinusitis in children

Cheryl C Nocon1, Fuad M Baroody

  • 1Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1035, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA, Cheryl.Nocon@uchospitals.edu.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|April 5, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Acute rhinosinusitis in children, often starting as a viral infection, can worsen with bacterial complications. Diagnosis is challenging, but antibiotics remain the primary treatment for this common childhood illness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a frequent pediatric condition.
  • Symptoms include fever, rhinorrhea, congestion, cough, and facial pain.
  • ARS often follows an upper respiratory infection, potentially complicated by bacterial infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis of pediatric ARS.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and bacteriology of ARS in children.
  • To outline current treatment strategies and potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric acute rhinosinusitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including symptom overlap and examination difficulties.
  • Evaluation of treatment efficacy, focusing on antibiotics and ancillary therapies.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ARS in children is difficult due to subjective parental reporting and examination challenges.
  • Antibiotics are the primary treatment; evidence for ancillary therapies is weak.
  • Potential complications include orbital and intracranial issues requiring prompt intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric acute rhinosinusitis diagnosis requires careful consideration of symptoms and examination findings.
  • Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of management for bacterial ARS.
  • Vigilance for and early aggressive treatment of complications are crucial.

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