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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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Keystone Species01:39

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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
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Habitat Fragmentation02:31

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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike Lanius Ludovicianus Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern
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Migratory animals couple biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide.

S Bauer1, B J Hoye

  • 1Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 5, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animal migrations are crucial for global biodiversity, influencing ecosystems by transporting nutrients and altering food webs. Understanding these movements is key to comprehending ecological networks and community dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and biodiversity science.
  • Ecosystem dynamics and food webs.
  • Animal behavior and conservation.

Background:

  • Animal migrations involve vast numbers of individuals across diverse taxa, moving nutrients and energy globally.
  • These predictable movements are a significant, yet often overlooked, aspect of biodiversity.
  • Migratory animals are integral to resident communities, influencing ecological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems.
  • To demonstrate the unique impacts of migration on energy flow, food webs, and trophic cascades.
  • To propose an integrative framework for considering migration in ecological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature and examples across the animal kingdom.
  • Analysis of ecological impacts of animal migrations on community structure and ecosystem functioning.
  • Synthesis of findings to develop a conceptual framework.

Main Results:

  • Migratory animals significantly alter energy flow, food-web topology, and stability.
  • Migrations can initiate or modify trophic cascades and influence metacommunity structure.
  • These movements represent a powerful, underappreciated dimension of biodiversity.

Conclusions:

  • Animal migrations are a critical, yet underappreciated, force shaping ecological networks worldwide.
  • An integrative framework explicitly considering migration is needed for community and ecosystem studies.
  • Recognizing migration's role is essential for understanding and managing global biodiversity and ecosystem services.