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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure
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Teratogenicity with olanzapine.

Sathya Prakash1, Rakesh Kumar Chadda1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine use in pregnancy may be linked to rare fetal developmental issues. Further research is needed to confirm the association between olanzapine and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:
Olanzapinepregnancyteratogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pharmacology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, is widely used for managing psychiatric conditions.
  • It is classified as a Pregnancy Category C drug, with limited data on fetal toxicity.
  • The risk-benefit profile generally supports its use during pregnancy.

Observation:

  • A case report details a pregnancy exposed to olanzapine.
  • The fetus exhibited microcephaly and anophthalmos.

Findings:

  • The observed fetal abnormalities, microcephaly and anophthalmos, occurred in a pregnancy with olanzapine exposure.
  • A definitive causal link between olanzapine and these specific teratogenic effects remains unproven.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the need for cautious olanzapine prescription in pregnant individuals.
  • Larger-scale studies are warranted to investigate potential teratogenic effects of olanzapine.
  • Enhanced surveillance for fetal development in pregnancies exposed to second-generation antipsychotics is recommended.