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Arterial stiffness in obese children: Role of adiposity and physical activity

Deepa S Pandit1, Anuradha V Khadilkar1, Shashi A Chiplonkar1

  • 1Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 5, 2014
PubMed

Insights

High adiposity and low physical activity are linked to arterial stiffness in Indian children. This study proposes new waist circumference cutoffs to identify at-risk youth, aiding early intervention for cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness is an early indicator of cardiovascular risk.
  • Adiposity and physical activity levels significantly influence vascular health in children.
  • Establishing population-specific reference values for risk assessment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adiposity, physical activity, and arterial stiffness in Indian children.
  • To determine optimal waist circumference cutoffs for identifying increased arterial stiffness risk in this population.
  • To compare these cutoffs with existing international standards like NHANES.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 250 Indian children (aged 6-17) in Pune.
  • Assessment of anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference), body composition (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and physical activity.
  • Measurement of arterial stiffness parameters including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and elasticity modulus (Ep).

Main Results:

  • Significant positive correlations were found between Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, and arterial stiffness markers (PWV, Ep, β).
  • Physical activity showed inverse associations with PWV, β, and Ep, and a positive association with arterial compliance (AC).
  • Regression analyses identified waist circumference, BMI, body fat, and physical activity as independent predictors of PWV. Novel waist circumference cutoffs were proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated adiposity and reduced physical activity are detrimental to arterial stiffness in Indian children.
  • The proposed waist circumference cutoffs offer a valuable tool for early identification of children at risk of arterial stiffness.
  • These findings underscore the importance of lifestyle interventions for pediatric cardiovascular health.
Abstract

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessbody fatphysical activity

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