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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Cardiovascular disease and menopause.

Rupal Dosi1, Nikita Bhatt2, Priyanki Shah3

  • 1Professor, Department of Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Gujrat, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|April 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmenopausal Indian women aged 40-55 exhibit higher cardiovascular disease risks, including coronary artery disease and hypertension, compared to premenopausal women. This increased risk is linked to central obesity and abnormal lipid profiles, highlighting the impact of menopause on cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseEstrogenMenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Menopause significantly alters cardiovascular risk profiles.
  • Indian women may face a higher cardiovascular risk postmenopause compared to Western counterparts.
  • Limited research exists on cardiovascular health in postmenopausal Indian women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiovascular profile abnormalities in postmenopausal Indian women.
  • To compare cardiovascular profiles of postmenopausal and premenopausal Indian women.
  • To assess cardiovascular risk factors in the Indian postmenopausal population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional comparative study of 100 women (40-55 years).
  • Inclusion of both postmenopausal and premenopausal women.
  • Detailed history, examination, investigations, and imaging studies were performed.

Main Results:

  • Postmenopausal women showed significantly higher rates of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), hypertension, abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR).
  • Abnormal lipid profiles were more prevalent in postmenopausal women.
  • Even with normal lipid profiles, postmenopausal women had increased prevalence of CAD and Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAHT).

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular disease is more prevalent in postmenopausal Indian women (40-55 years) than in premenopausal women.
  • Increased cardiovascular risk is associated with central obesity, abnormal lipid profiles, and the menopausal state itself.
  • Estrogen's non-lipid cardiovascular benefits are emphasized by findings in postmenopausal women with normal lipid profiles.