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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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[Hepatitis B and migrants: should we do better?].

M Jaboyedoff, B Genton, E Masserey

    Revue Medicale Suisse
    |April 8, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chronic hepatitis B affects over 5% globally. In Switzerland, asylum seekers show high prevalence (42% anti-HBc, 8% HBsAg), necessitating screening and care strategies to reduce complications and transmission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • Chronic hepatitis B is a global health concern, disproportionately affecting migrant populations from endemic regions.
    • Switzerland lacks systematic screening for chronic hepatitis B among asylum seekers, despite WHO recommendations.
    • Asylum seekers in Vaud, Switzerland, exhibit high seroprevalence rates for hepatitis B infection.

    Purpose:

    • To estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection among asylum seekers in Vaud, Switzerland.
    • To discuss potential screening strategies and care pathways for this population.
    • To highlight the importance of identifying infected migrants for treatment and transmission reduction.

    Summary:

    • A study in Vaud, Switzerland, found a 42% prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and an 8% prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among asylum seekers.
    • These findings indicate a significant burden of hepatitis B infection within this group.
    • The study proposes screening and care strategies tailored to the needs of migrant populations.

    Impact:

    • Implementing systematic screening can provide infected migrants access to essential medical care, reducing disease complications.
    • Early detection and management of chronic hepatitis B in migrants can lower transmission rates within both migrant and local populations.
    • This research informs public health policy for hepatitis B control in vulnerable migrant groups.