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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

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In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

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The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Bacterial multidrug efflux transporters.

Jared A Delmar1, Chih-Chia Su, Edward W Yu

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy and.

Annual Review of Biophysics
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major global health threat. Multidrug efflux pumps, like the CusCFBA system, help bacteria survive by expelling toxic compounds, including heavy metals and antibiotics.

Keywords:
CusCFBA efflux systemheavy metal resistancemultidrug resistanceresistance-nodulation-cell division

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial infections are a leading cause of death globally.
  • Antibiotic resistance is a significant clinical challenge, driven by mechanisms like multidrug efflux transporters.
  • These transporters expel diverse toxic substances, aiding bacterial survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structure and function of the CusCFBA efflux complex in Escherichia coli.
  • To understand the role of RND transporters in mediating resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics.
  • To provide insights into the assembly and operation of tripartite efflux pumps.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed analysis of individual Cus system components.
  • Review of existing knowledge on RND transporter assembly and function.
  • Speculative modeling of efflux pump mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The CusCFBA complex is a tripartite efflux system specific for copper(I) and silver(I) ions in E. coli.
  • Individual components of the Cus system contribute to heavy metal resistance.
  • RND pumps represent a versatile mechanism for bacterial defense against antimicrobials.

Conclusions:

  • The Cus system serves as a model for understanding RND-mediated efflux.
  • Efflux pump assembly is crucial for their function in extruding diverse toxic compounds.
  • Further research into efflux pump mechanisms can inform strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.