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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFPS Systems for Synthetic Cell Construction
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Tailor made protein synthesis for HSCs.

Maria Barna1, Davide Ruggero2

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|April 8, 2014
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Summary

Diminished protein production is crucial for maintaining hematopoietic stem cell function and preventing cancer. This study highlights translation control as a key regulatory mechanism in stem cell biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Gene expression regulation
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Translation control is a key mechanism regulating gene expression.
  • Maintaining stem cell function requires precise control over protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of protein synthesis in hematopoietic stem cell function.
  • To understand how translation control impacts oncogenic potential in stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of protein synthesis rates.
  • Analysis of the mouse hematopoietic compartment.

Main Results:

  • Reduced protein production is essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance.
  • Lowered protein synthesis restrains the oncogenic potential of these cells.

Conclusions:

  • Translation control plays a vital role in hematopoietic stem cell biology.
  • Targeting protein synthesis may offer strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.