Minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine: pitfalls and complication avoidance

The lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine has become an increasingly popular method to achieve fusion. Although this approach requires less tissue dissection, a smaller incision, decreased operative time, reduced blood loss and postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay, it carries the potential for serious neurologic and visceral complications. This article reviews these complications in detail and proposes mechanisms for their avoidance.