Potential therapeutic mechanisms of stable prostacyclin (PGI2)-mimetics in severe peripheral vascular disease

In 2 randomized, double-blind studies, 109 diabetic patients with trophic lesions and 101 non-diabetics suffering from peripheral vascular disease (PVD) stage IV (Fontaine) received daily 6-hour i.v. infusions of iloprost (less than or equal to 2ng/kg/min) or of placebo over 28 days. Iloprost treatment was superior to placebo, showing ulcer healing in more than 60% of patients compared to less than 25% in the control group. The beneficial effects were sustained during a 1 year follow-up period. Platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation and release reaction on atherosclerotic lesions, impaired microvascular perfusion, loss of microvascular barrier function, increased white blood cell - vessel wall interaction and hemorheological disturbances are all believed to play a role in PVD. Stable PGI2-mimetics inhibit platelet activation by all endogenous mediators as well as platelet release of mitogenic factors (PDGF).