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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Considerations for dofetilide use in the elderly.

Lindsey W Crist1, Dave L Dixon2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland.

The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a potential drug interaction between dofetilide and chlorthalidone in an elderly patient with atrial arrhythmias. Discontinuing chlorthalidone helped manage hypotension and achieve blood pressure goals.

Keywords:
AF = Atrial fibrillationBP = Blood pressureCPC = Cardiopharmacotherapy clinicChlorthalidoneDiureticsDofetilideDrug interactionsECG = ElectrocardiogramHCTZ = HydrochlorothiazideHTN = HypertensionIU = International unitsPAC = Premature atrial contractionsTdP = Torsades de pointesThiazide

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • An 85-year-old female with atrial arrhythmias on dofetilide maintenance therapy presented with hypotension.
  • The patient was also prescribed a thiazide diuretic, chlorthalidone.

Observation:

  • A pharmacist identified a potential major drug-drug interaction between dofetilide and chlorthalidone.
  • The patient's hypotension suggested a possible contribution from this interaction.

Findings:

  • Chlorthalidone was discontinued to mitigate the risk of drug interaction with dofetilide.
  • Hypotension resolved, and systolic blood pressure goals (140-145 mmHg) were achieved with amlodipine and lisinopril.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of vigilant drug interaction monitoring for dofetilide.
  • Effective hypertension management in the elderly requires careful consideration of polypharmacy and potential drug interactions.