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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Cleft lip and/or palate: review.

G Farronato1, P Cannalire, G Martinelli

  • 1Department of Orthodontics Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan, Milan, Italy - giampietro.farronato@unimi.it.

Minerva Stomatologica
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are common craniofacial birth defects with multifactorial causes. Optimal treatment for CL/P is challenging due to malformation variability and individual patient responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial malformations
  • Pediatric surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) represent the most frequent congenital malformations affecting the craniofacial region.
  • These conditions exhibit diverse phenotypes and clinical presentations based on the specific anatomical structures involved, including isolated cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive literature overview of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P).
  • To discuss the epidemiology, anatomical features, genetics, environmental factors, diagnosis, and treatment of CL/P.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Collected items provided information on CL/P, covering key aspects from etiology to management.

Main Results:

  • CL/P are the most common craniofacial congenital malformations with multifactorial etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • A multidisciplinary approach involving gynecologists, pediatricians, maxillofacial surgeons, and orthodontists is crucial for diagnosis and treatment from birth through growth.
  • Associated issues like feeding difficulties, speech problems, hearing impairment, and social integration challenges can be addressed through surgery, dental care, speech therapy, and psychosocial interventions.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal treatment strategy for CL/P remains complex due to the wide spectrum of malformations and the subjective nature of patient responses to therapy.