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Related Concept Videos

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Functions of alternative replication protein A in initiation and elongation.

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The SV40 large T-antigen origin binding domain directly participates in DNA unwinding.

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Simian virus 40 large T antigen can specifically unwind the central palindrome at the origin of DNA replication.

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The binding of topoisomerase I to T antigen enhances the synthesis of RNA-DNA primers during simian virus 40 DNA replication.

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Simian virus 40 DNA replication is dependent on an interaction between topoisomerase I and the C-terminal end of T antigen.

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Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion
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Modeling of the SV40 DNA Replication Machine.

Daniel T Simmons1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. dsimmons@udel.edu.

Genes
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are building 3D models of the SV40 DNA replication machine. These models help understand how viral DNA replication works and can be tested experimentally.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The precise mechanism of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication is not fully elucidated.
  • While essential replication proteins are known, their coordinated function within the viral DNA replication nanomachine remains partially understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and refine three-dimensional (3D) models of the SV40 DNA replication machinery.
  • To provide experimentally testable insights into the functional structure of the SV40 replication complex.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of existing crystallographic data for replication proteins.
  • Utilization of electron microscopy (EM) reconstructions of SV40 T antigen.
  • Application of biochemical interaction data.

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  • Employing 3D docking programs and structure fitting for model assembly.

    • Main Results:

    • Assembly of 3D models illustrating the spatial organization of the SV40 replication nanomachine.
    • Development of a framework for comparing new structural data with existing models to facilitate iterative refinement.

    Conclusions:

    • The generated 3D models offer valuable, testable hypotheses regarding the SV40 DNA replication mechanism.
    • These models provide crucial insights into the functional architecture of the viral replication machinery and facilitate ongoing research through comparison with new data.