[Segmental testicular infarction in sickle cell anemia]

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Hematology
• Pathology

Background:

• Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to vaso-occlusive events.
• Vascular occlusions in SCD commonly manifest as renal complications (papillary necrosis, infarction) and priapism in urological contexts.
• Segmental testicular infarction is an infrequent complication of SCD, with limited documented cases.

Observation:

• A 25-year-old male with known sickle cell disease presented with acute right testicular pain.
• Scrotal ultrasound revealed an inhomogeneous, hypoechoic mass with a hyperechoic border and absent vascular flow in the affected testis.
• The clinical presentation suggested testicular infarction secondary to vaso-occlusion.

Findings:

• A partial orchiectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion as benign hemorrhagic necrotic testicular tissue.
• The findings support segmental testicular infarction as a rare but possible urological manifestation of sickle cell disease.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering sickle cell disease in the differential diagnosis of testicular infarction, even in rare presentations.
• Early recognition and management of vaso-occlusive events in SCD are crucial to prevent severe complications.
• Further research into the specific mechanisms and management strategies for testicular complications in SCD may be warranted.