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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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[Trauma of the temporal bone].

A Zimmer1, W Reith

  • 1Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 1, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland, anna.zimmer@uks.eu.

Der Radiologe
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal bone fractures result from severe head trauma, potentially causing hearing loss and neurovascular damage. This review details clinical outcomes and imaging findings, highlighting structures that can mimic fractures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Temporal bone fractures are associated with high-energy head trauma and lateral skull base injuries.
  • These fractures involve complex anatomy, housing critical neurovascular structures.
  • Clinical presentations vary widely, from asymptomatic cases to severe complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present typical clinical sequelae of temporal bone fractures.
  • To illustrate characteristic imaging findings of temporal bone injuries.
  • To identify anatomical structures that may be misclassified as fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and outcomes.
  • Detailed illustration of imaging findings.
  • Analysis of anatomical variants mimicking fractures.

Main Results:

  • Common sequelae include hearing loss, cranial nerve deficits, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
  • Characteristic imaging findings aid in diagnosis.
  • Certain anatomical structures can be mistaken for fracture lines.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal bone fractures require careful evaluation due to potential severe complications.
  • Accurate interpretation of imaging is crucial for correct diagnosis.
  • Awareness of mimicking anatomical structures prevents misclassification.