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Walking speed, processing speed, and dementia: a population-based longitudinal study.

Anna-Karin Welmer1, Debora Rizzuto2, Chengxuan Qiu2

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. anna-karin.welmer@ki.se.

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Slow walking speed predicts dementia risk in older adults. Declining processing speed may underlie this association, with slower walking occurring secondary to cognitive decline.

Keywords:
AgingDementiaPhysical functionProcessing speed.Walking speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Slow walking speed is a known predictor of dementia in older adults.
  • Investigating the interplay between gait, cognitive function, and dementia risk is crucial for understanding aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between baseline walking speed, processing speed, and their changes over time with the incidence of dementia.
  • To determine if processing speed mediates the association between walking speed and dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 2,938 older adults (60+ years) in Sweden, free from dementia at baseline.
  • Assessed usual walking speed and a composite measure of processing speed.
  • Diagnosed dementia using DSM-IV criteria at 3- and 6-year follow-ups.

Main Results:

  • Slower baseline walking speed and decline in walking speed significantly increased dementia risk.
  • Processing speed partially attenuated the association between walking speed and dementia.
  • Individuals who developed dementia exhibited accelerated declines in both walking and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Processing speed plays a significant role in the link between walking speed and dementia.
  • Walking speed reduction may be a downstream consequence of cognitive processing speed decline in the pathway to dementia.