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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

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Mammalian epigenetic mechanisms.

Guoqiang Zhang1, Sriharsa Pradhan

  • 1New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA.

IUBMB Life
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. These layers control gene expression and cellular functions, with disruptions linked to diseases like cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Mammalian genome organization relies on chromatin packaging into functional domains.
  • Epigenetic layers, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
  • Non-coding RNAs also play a crucial role in mammalian gene expression dynamics and physiological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in mammals.
  • To highlight the combinatorial roles of epigenetic modifications and their interacting partners.
  • To discuss the interplay of epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, and chromatin conformation.
Keywords:
DNA methylationchromatin conformationepigeneticshistone modificationnon-coding RNA

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  • Analysis of the roles of 'writer', 'reader', and 'eraser' enzymes in epigenetic regulation.
  • Examination of the interplay between different epigenetic components.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetic regulation involves multiple layers: DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin conformation.
    • Combinatorial actions of these modifications and associated proteins govern cellular processes.
    • Aberrant epigenetic signatures are linked to developmental abnormalities and diseases, notably cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms are complex and involve intricate interactions between various regulatory elements.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for comprehending normal development and disease pathogenesis.
    • Further research into the interplay of epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers can reveal novel therapeutic targets.