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Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
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Observing (non)linear lattice dynamics in graphite by ultrafast Kikuchi diffraction.

Wenxi Liang1, Giovanni M Vanacore, Ahmed H Zewail

  • 1Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped nanoscale graphite's nonlinear elastic response using time-resolved Kikuchi diffraction. They observed distinct high-frequency shear dynamics, suggesting localized breather motion as the origin of this nonlinear behavior.

Keywords:
acoustic wavesconvergent beam electron diffractionultrafast phenomena

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The strain-stress relationship in materials is governed by linear and nonlinear elastic responses.
  • Probing nonlinear elastic behavior, especially at the nanoscale, presents significant challenges.
  • Ultrafast strain excitation is crucial for dynamic material characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a methodology for mapping the nonlinear elastic response of nanoscale materials.
  • To investigate the dynamic elastic behavior of graphite under ultrafast strain.
  • To elucidate the origin of nonlinear shear dynamics in crystalline materials.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved Kikuchi diffraction (TRKD) was employed to probe nanoscale graphite.
  • Ultrafast, impulsive strain excitation was used to induce dynamic responses.
  • Analysis focused on longitudinal and transverse wave propagation and their characteristics.

Main Results:

  • A longitudinal wave along the c-axis showed 9.1 GHz echoes, indicating strain reflections at ~4 km/s.
  • A distinct, higher-frequency (75.5 GHz) nonlinear shear mode with millisecond lifetime was observed.
  • This nonlinear mode exhibited unique fluence dependence and polarization properties compared to the linear mode.

Conclusions:

  • Time-resolved Kikuchi diffraction is a powerful technique for mapping nonlinear elastic responses in materials.
  • Localized breather motion in the a-b plane is proposed as the origin of the observed nonlinear shear dynamics in graphite.
  • The TRKD methodology has broad applicability to various crystalline materials for dynamic strain analysis.