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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

55
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
55
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

32
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
32
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

33
Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
33
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

59
DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
59
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

30
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
30
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

35
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
35

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Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells
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[Diabetic keratopathy: new progresses and challenges].

Ye Wang1, Qingjun Zhou1, Lixin Xie1

  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.

[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising diabetes mellitus (diabetes) and its complications like diabetic keratopathy are increasing in China. This review explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind diabetic keratopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic keratopathy in China linked to improved living standards.
  • Diabetic keratopathy presents with delayed corneal epithelial healing, reduced corneal sensitivity, and neurotrophic ulcers.
  • Hyperglycemic conditions drive pathogenesis through basement membrane changes, glycation, nerve damage, and oxidative stress.

Purpose:

  • To review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the clinical features of diabetic keratopathy.
  • To discuss current challenges and limitations in the basic research of diabetic keratopathy.

Summary:

  • Focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms of diabetic keratopathy.
  • Highlights delayed corneal epithelial regeneration, decreased sensitivity, and neurotrophic ulcers.
  • Explains pathogenesis due to basement membrane changes, glycation, nerve damage, and oxidative stress in hyperglycemia.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the molecular basis of diabetic keratopathy.
  • Identifies key areas for future research in diabetic eye complications.
  • Contributes to understanding diabetes mellitus complications and their management.