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Foundations of computational neuroscience.

Gualtiero Piccinini1, Oron Shagrir2

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Nervous systems process information, but what does "computation" mean in neuroscience? This study explores whether information processing is objective or observer-dependent, and its relation to other analytical levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • The dominant paradigm in computational neuroscience posits that nervous systems perform computation and information processing.
  • Foundational definitions and implications of these concepts remain subjects of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the meaning of "computation" and "information processing" in the context of nervous systems.
  • To investigate the objective versus observer-dependent nature of computational descriptions in neuroscience.
  • To clarify the relationship between computational explanations and other levels of biological analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of "computation" and "information processing" in neuroscience.
  • Philosophical inquiry into the nature of scientific description and explanation.
  • Exploration of the integration of computational models with other biological frameworks.

Main Results:

  • "Computation" and "information processing" in nervous systems lack universally agreed-upon objective definitions.
  • The interpretation of nervous system activity as computational is often dependent on the observer's framework.
  • Computational neuroscience requires careful consideration of its relationship with lower (e.g., molecular) and higher (e.g., behavioral) levels of organization.

Conclusions:

  • A clearer understanding of the conceptual underpinnings of computational neuroscience is essential.
  • Distinguishing objective properties from observer-dependent interpretations is crucial for robust scientific explanation.
  • Integrating computational perspectives with other analytical levels can lead to more comprehensive insights into nervous system function.