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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

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Alterations in rRNA-mRNA interaction during plastid evolution.

Kyungtaek Lim¹, Ichizo Kobayashi¹, Kenta Nakai²

¹Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, JapanThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|April 9, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plastids retain Shine-Dalgarno interactions for translation initiation, with some lineages evolving altered interactions. This demonstrates the adaptability of the translation machinery during organelle evolution.

Keywords:

Shine–Dalgarno sequence chloroplast endosymbiosis ribosome translation

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

Translation initiation in prokaryotes relies on Shine-Dalgarno (SD) interactions between ribosomal RNA and mRNA.
This interaction involves base pairing between the 3'-tail of small subunit rRNA (core motif: 3'CCUCC) and a complementary sequence in the mRNA's 5'-untranslated region.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary fate of Shine-Dalgarno interactions during the transition of cyanobacterial endosymbionts to modern plastids.
To analyze the conservation and variation of SD interactions across diverse plastid lineages.

Main Methods:

Analysis of complete plastid genome sequences from various lineages.
Comparative genomics to identify conserved and divergent sequences in rRNA and mRNA involved in translation initiation.

Main Results:

Most plastids maintain SD interactions, though usage varies significantly.
SD interactions were lost in plastids of Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chromerida/Apicomplexa, correlating with reductive evolution.
An altered SD interaction (3'CCCU/5'GGGA or 3'CUUCC/5'GAAGG) replaced the classical one (3'CCUCC/5'GGAGG) in some lineages, involving coordinated sequence changes in rRNA and mRNA.

Conclusions:

Plastid evolution exhibits plasticity in translation initiation, with evidence of both retention and modification of SD interactions.
Coevolution between the rRNA motif and mRNA signal highlights the dynamic nature of the translational machinery.
Intermediate stages suggest a gradual evolutionary process for the altered SD interactions in Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta.