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Macro and microfluidic flows for skeletal regenerative medicine.

Brandon D Riehl1, Jung Yul Lim2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, NE, USA. brandon.riehl@huskers.unl.edu.

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|April 9, 2014
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Summary

Fluid flow stimulates bone cells for skeletal regeneration. This review covers macro and microscale applications, highlighting flow-induced cell responses for bone tissue engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Fluid flow is crucial for bone homeostasis via mechanotransduction.
  • Understanding fluid flow's role is key for skeletal regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review macro and microscale fluid flow applications in skeletal regenerative medicine.
  • To discuss the potential of fluid flow in bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing two-dimensional (2D) macroflow for mechanistic insights.
  • Analysis of three-dimensional (3D) flow applications in porous scaffolds.
  • Exploration of microfluidics for mimicking in vivo bone interstitial flows.

Main Results:

  • 2D macroflow elucidates molecular mechanisms of bone cell mechanotransduction (differentiation, matrix deposition, osteogenesis).
  • 3D flow through scaffolds shows promise but requires optimization of flow conditions and scaffold properties.
  • Microfluidics platforms enable high-throughput screening of bone cell responses to biomimicking flow.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid flow is a potent tool for skeletal regenerative medicine.
  • Integrating 2D mechanistic data with 3D engineering approaches can advance bone tissue constructs.
  • Microfluidics offers a powerful platform for studying bone cell mechanobiology under physiological flow conditions.