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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Inflammation modulation and cardiovascular disease prevention.

Zuhier Awan1, Jacques Genest2

  • 1King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|April 9, 2014
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Cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death, may be treated by targeting inflammation. New trials explore interleukin 1β inhibition and low-dose methotrexate for atherosclerosis prevention.

Keywords:
CVDcardiovascular diseaseimmunomodulationinflammationprevention

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart disease and stroke cause 17 million deaths annually, with significant preventable risk factors.
  • Established treatments for atherosclerotic vascular disease include lipid-lowering agents, blood pressure control, and anti-thrombotic medication.
  • Despite advances, residual risk persists, necessitating novel strategies to combat atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical trials and registry data on inflammation modulation for cardiovascular disease.
  • To discuss ongoing trials investigating targeted immunomodulatory therapies for atherosclerosis.
  • To explore the role of innate and acquired immunity in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial and registry data on inflammation modulation in cardiovascular disease.
  • Discussion of ongoing large-scale, outcome-driven clinical trials.
  • Focus on selective inhibition of interleukin 1β and low-dose methotrexate.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation, progression, and instability of atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Targeting specific immune pathways may reduce atherosclerosis without increasing infection or cancer risk.
  • Interleukin 1β and methotrexate are promising targets undergoing rigorous clinical evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating inflammation represents a promising frontier in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
  • Selective inhibition of interleukin 1β and low-dose methotrexate are key areas of investigation in ongoing clinical trials.
  • Future research aims to establish the efficacy and safety of these immunomodulatory approaches in reducing residual cardiovascular risk.