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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Nonsyndromic mandibular symphysis cleft.

Leela Krishna Guttikonda1, Koteswara Rao Nadella1, Vijayalakshmi Uppaluru1

  • 1Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. S&NR SIDS, Chinaoutpalli, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, Gannavaram 521286, India.

Case Reports in Dentistry
|April 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study details a rare median cleft of the lower lip and mandible, a congenital anomaly. Surgical correction involved tongue release and mandibular cleft fixation with bone grafting.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Median cleft of the lower lip and mandible is a rare congenital anomaly, classified as Tessier cleft number 30.
  • Minor forms may present solely as a lower lip cleft.
  • This case involves a complex presentation with multiple associated deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of median cleft of the lower lip and mandible with associated anomalies.
  • To describe the surgical management of this complex congenital deformity.
  • To highlight the reconstructive techniques used for craniofacial clefts.

Main Methods:

  • The patient presented with median lower lip cleft, severe ankyloglossia, mandibular symphysis cleft, and a residual cleft involving the right soft palate and other facial clefts.
  • A multi-stage surgical procedure was performed.
  • Techniques included release of the tongue and fixation of the mandibular cleft using a right iliac bone graft and stainless steel miniplate.

Main Results:

  • Successful surgical correction of the complex craniofacial deformities was achieved.
  • The multi-stage approach addressed the median lip and mandibular clefts, ankyloglossia, and palatal defect.
  • Functional and aesthetic improvements were noted post-operatively.

Conclusions:

  • Median cleft of the lower lip and mandible, though rare, requires a comprehensive and staged surgical approach.
  • Reconstructive surgery involving bone grafting and fixation can effectively manage severe cases.
  • This case underscores the importance of tailored surgical planning for complex craniofacial anomalies.