Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

103
Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
103
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

119
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
119
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

927
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
927
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

106
Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
106
Production of Biopesticides01:18

Production of Biopesticides

108
Biopesticides offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, utilizing microbial agents to control agricultural pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely employed bacterium known for its potent insecticidal activity. Bt biopesticides are favored for their specificity to insect pests, minimal environmental impact, and natural degradability.Mechanism of Bt Toxin Action Bt produces insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins during its sporulation phase. These proteins form parasporal...
108
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

1.1K
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis NMR characterization and X-ray structure of α,β-unsaturated steroid spiroketal lactones. evaluation of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity.

Steroids·2026
Same author

An unexpected oxidative E/F ring opening in the side chain of steroid sapogenins produced by silica gel supported Jones Reagent.

Steroids·2025
Same author

Synthesis, NMR and X-ray characterization of dibenzoannulated dimeric steroid spiroketals. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity.

Steroids·2025
Same author

Solid-State NMR-Assisted Dynamic Characterization of two Isostructural Solvates of 5α-Bromo-6β,19-Epoxy-Androstan-3β,17β-Diol Diacetate.

Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC·2025
Same author

Synthesis of 25-Hydroxy-provitamin D<sub>3</sub> by Direct Hydroxylation of Protected 7-Dehydrocholesterol.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2024
Same author

Montmorillonite Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel Steroid Dimers.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines
07:18

An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines

Published on: October 11, 2022

2.1K

Cephalostatins and ritterazines.

Martín A Iglesias-Arteaga, Jacek W Morzycki

    The Alkaloids. Chemistry and Biology
    |April 10, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Marine bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids show potent anticancer activity. Their complex structures have been synthesized, but further research is needed to understand their mechanism of action and develop simpler analogs for clinical use.

    Area of Science:

    • Marine natural products chemistry
    • Medicinal chemistry
    • Organic synthesis

    Background:

    • Marine organisms are a rich source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.
    • Bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids, discovered by Petitt, Fusetani, and coworkers, represent a promising class of anticancer agents.
    • The complex structures and potent activity of these marine natural products have spurred significant synthetic efforts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the isolation, identification, and synthesis of marine bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids.
    • To highlight their potential as anticancer therapeutics.
    • To discuss the challenges and future directions in the development of these compounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and structural elucidation of natural marine alkaloids.

    More Related Videos

    Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells
    12:03

    Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

    Published on: July 23, 2017

    8.8K
    Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening AVEXIS for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions
    12:30

    Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening AVEXIS for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions

    Published on: March 5, 2012

    24.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 1, 2026

    An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines
    07:18

    An Electroporation Method to Transform Rickettsia spp. with a Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Shuttle Vector in Tick Cell Lines

    Published on: October 11, 2022

    2.1K
    Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells
    12:03

    Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

    Published on: July 23, 2017

    8.8K
    Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening AVEXIS for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions
    12:30

    Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening AVEXIS for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions

    Published on: March 5, 2012

    24.5K
  • Chemical synthesis of natural products and synthetic analogs.
  • Biological testing and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
  • Investigation of mechanisms of action and biological targets.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of 45 potent anticancer marine bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids.
    • Development of synthetic routes for complex natural products and analogs by Fuchs, Heathcock, Winterfeldt, Suarez, Shair, and associates.
    • Establishment of SAR criteria guiding the design of new analogs.
    • Preparation of analogs to probe mechanisms of action, including spiroketal moieties.

    Conclusions:

    • Marine bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids are highly potent anticancer agents.
    • Synthetic efforts have provided access to these complex molecules and analogs.
    • Understanding the dimeric requirement for activity and the role of the pyrazine ring is crucial.
    • Development of simpler, highly active analogs is needed for clinical trials due to material shortages.