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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
116
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
279
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

3.7K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

204
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Related Experiment Video

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In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing
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Transporting children with toxicological emergencies.

Danielle Blake1, Sarah Dalton, Naren Gunja

  • 1Newborn and Paediatric Emergency Transport Service, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA
|April 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many pediatric toxicological emergencies require only basic monitoring, suggesting trained ambulance crews could manage some cases. Early toxicologist consultation may reduce unnecessary transports and costs for critically ill children.

Keywords:
childcritical carepoisoningtransportation

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Transport Medicine

Background:

  • The Newborn and Paediatric Emergency Transport Service (NETS) handles over 3600 calls annually.
  • Toxicological emergencies constitute 1.5% of NETS calls.
  • Effective management and transport protocols for pediatric toxicological emergencies are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize patients transported for toxicological emergencies by NETS.
  • To analyze the retrieval management of these pediatric patients.
  • To identify patterns and outcomes in pediatric toxicological emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients referred to NETS for toxicological emergencies (2007-2011).
  • Data collected included demographics, substances, consultations, interventions, and adverse outcomes.
  • Analysis focused on transported versus non-transported patients.

Main Results:

  • 169 of 230 referred patients (73.5%) were transported.
  • Pharmaceutical poisonings (72.6%) were most common, followed by non-pharmaceuticals (19.9%) and envenomation (7.5%).
  • Half of transported children needed only non-invasive monitoring; one death occurred during retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • Many pediatric toxicological emergencies may be managed with non-invasive monitoring by trained ambulance crews.
  • Toxicologist consultation could optimize retrieval decisions, potentially reducing costs.
  • High-risk groups for medication safety education include children on regular medication and those in households with psychotropic/cardiac drugs.