Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

64.7K
Overview
64.7K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

7.2K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.2K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.1K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inhibitory receptor agonists: Emerging strategies in immune modulation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

The history and promise of Treg cells.

Immunity·2025
Same author

Lead-in therapy targeting PD1 and/or LAG3 imposes distinct immune phenotypes in first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Single-cell profiling of peripheral and local immune compartments reveal unique genotype-independent prognostic immune signatures across isocitrate dehydrogenase-stratified glioma.

Neuro-oncology·2025
Same author

Regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment.

Nature reviews. Cancer·2025
Same author

One Step Ahead: Preventing Tumor Adaptation to Immune Therapy.

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

15.5K

Once a Treg, always a Treg?

Deepali V Sawant1, Dario A A Vignali

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|April 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis. While generally stable, recent findings reveal Treg plasticity, challenging their therapeutic use and sparking debate on stability versus adaptability.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune tolerance and homeostasis.
  • Tregs exhibit unique transcriptional and epigenetic features essential for immune suppression.
  • The stability of the Treg lineage is critical for their function and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the defining features of Foxp3(+) Tregs.
  • To explore factors influencing Treg development, commitment, and plasticity.
  • To discuss the implications of Treg heterogeneity for cellular therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Treg biology.
  • Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic cues governing Treg development.
  • Assessment of Treg phenotypic and functional heterogeneity.
Keywords:
Foxp3epigeneticsheterogeneityplasticityregulatory T cellsstability

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

22.8K
Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

15.5K
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

22.8K
Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

2.4K

Main Results:

  • Tregs display significant heterogeneity and plasticity, challenging their presumed absolute stability.
  • Alternative effector or hybrid fates can emerge, potentially promoting inflammation.
  • These findings raise questions about the safety and efficacy of Treg-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The Treg lineage exhibits a balance between stability and plasticity.
  • Understanding Treg heterogeneity is crucial for advancing Treg cellular therapy.
  • Further research is needed to reconcile Treg stability and plasticity for clinical applications.