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Double-stranded ribonuclease coinduced with interferon.

J M Meegan1, P I Marcus

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 2, 1989
PubMed
Summary

A novel double-stranded ribonuclease (dsRNase) is induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in avian cells. This enzyme is released extracellularly and its specific role remains unknown.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and viruses trigger interferon (IFN) production.
  • IFN induction is crucial for antiviral defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel dsRNA-inducible ribonuclease (dsRNase) in chicken embryo cells.
  • To investigate the properties and cellular specificity of the induced dsRNase.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of IFN and dsRNase in chicken embryo cells using dsRNA.
  • Characterization of dsRNase activity, including pH optimum, cation requirements, and substrate specificity.
  • Analysis of enzyme properties such as molecular weight and cellular expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • A novel dsRNase was induced and released extracellularly in avian cells upon dsRNA exposure.
  • The enzyme exhibited specific activity against dsRNA, with distinct biochemical properties.
  • High dsRNase levels were observed only in avian cells, not in mammalian, turtle, or fish cells.
  • Enzyme activity was dose-dependent and characterized by endonucleolytic degradation of dsRNA.

Conclusions:

  • Avian cells possess a unique dsRNA-inducible, extracellular dsRNase.
  • The specific biological function of this secreted dsRNase in antiviral response or other cellular processes is yet to be determined.

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