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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Intervertebral disk disease in 3 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Maximiljan W Krauss1, Livia Benato, Allison Wack

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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Intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) in skunks can cause paraparesis. Surgical intervention for IVDH in skunks offers improvement but may result in residual neurologic deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Wildlife Medicine
  • Comparative Neurology

Background:

  • Paraparesis in skunks can be debilitating.
  • Understanding the causes of neurologic deficits in exotic animals is crucial for effective treatment.

Observation:

  • Three skunks presented with paraparesis.
  • Neurologic examinations indicated upper or lower motor neuron disease.
  • Diagnostic imaging confirmed intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) in all cases.

Findings:

  • Surgical treatment, including hemilaminectomy and dorsal laminectomy, was performed.
  • Post-operative improvement was observed in all skunks.
  • Minor residual neurologic deficits were noted in the long-term follow-up.

Implications:

  • Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation is a significant cause of paraparesis in skunks.
  • IVDH should be considered in the differential diagnosis for skunks with hind limb weakness.
  • This study highlights the importance of advanced diagnostics and surgical intervention for spinal conditions in exotic species.