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Electrolyte and acid-base disorders in inflammatory bowel disease
Fotis Barkas1, Evangelos Liberopoulos1, Anastazia Kei1
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.
Annals of Gastroenterology
|April 10, 2014
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) disrupts electrolyte balance, affecting sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium absorption and secretion. Disease activity and treatment significantly influence these electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in IBD patients.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Internal Medicine
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic condition.
- IBD significantly impacts gastrointestinal function, leading to malabsorption and altered electrolyte transport.
- Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances are common complications in IBD patients.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in IBD.
- It examines how intestinal inflammation affects the absorption and secretion of key electrolytes.
- The review discusses the potential for metabolic alkalosis in relation to IBD severity and affected GI regions.
Key Points:
- Inflammation in IBD reduces the absorption of sodium, chloride, and calcium.
- Potassium secretion is increased in the inflamed intestine.
- Metabolic alkalosis can range from mild to severe in IBD patients.
Conclusions:
- Understanding electrolyte and acid-base disturbances is crucial for managing IBD.
- Disease activity and therapeutic interventions can modify these imbalances.
- This review highlights the complex interplay between IBD, electrolytes, and acid-base homeostasis.
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