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A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine based on parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)

Shannon I Phan1, Zhenhai Chen1, Pei Xu2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.

Vaccine
|April 11, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) shows promise as a vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). PIV5-based vaccines expressing RSV F or G proteins protected mice against RSV challenge without worsening lung pathology.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory illness and hospitalizations, particularly in infants, with no current vaccine.
  • Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a harmless paramyxovirus, is explored as a vaccine vector.
  • Developing effective RSV vaccines is a critical public health need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of PIV5 as a vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
  • To evaluate PIV5 expressing RSV F or G proteins as potential single-dose vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Generated two recombinant PIV5 viruses expressing RSV A2 strain fusion (F) or attachment glycoprotein (G).
  • Administered single-dose vaccinations of F-PIV5 or G-PIV5 to BALB/c mice.
  • Assessed RSV-specific antibody responses and lung pathology after RSV A2 challenge.

Main Results:

  • Both F-PIV5 and G-PIV5 induced RSV antigen-specific antibody responses in mice.
  • Antibody profiles (IgG2a/IgG1 ratios) resembled those from wild-type RSV A2 infection.
  • Vaccinated mice showed no exacerbated lung lesions upon RSV A2 challenge compared to RSV-immunized controls.
  • Both F and G PIV5 vaccines conferred protective immunity against RSV challenge.

Conclusions:

  • PIV5 is a viable platform for developing vector-based vaccines against RSV.
  • PIV5-expressing RSV F or G proteins can induce protective immunity and are safe in a mouse model.
  • Further development of PIV5-based RSV vaccines is warranted.

Keywords:
Parainfluenza virus 5Respiratory syncytial virusVaccine

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