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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Planetary Science
  • Tectonics

Background:

  • The initiation of plate tectonics on Earth is a pivotal event, yet the billion-year gap between early proto-subduction and widespread global tectonics remains unexplained.
  • Understanding this time lag is crucial for comprehending the origins of Earth's dynamic plate tectonics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind the time lag in the initiation of plate tectonics on Earth.
  • To propose a model explaining how lithospheric damage and mantle dynamics contribute to the formation of widespread plate boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations incorporating grain evolution, damage mechanics, and composite rheology.
  • Coupling these with an idealized model of pressure-driven lithospheric flow, simulating convective downwelling effects.
  • Testing the model under Earth-like and hotter Venus-like surface conditions.

Main Results:

  • On Earth-like conditions, simulations show that accumulated lithospheric damage and inherited weak zones, combined with transient mantle flow, lead to the formation of stable, subduction-driven plates with passive spreading and strike-slip margins.
  • Under hotter conditions (e.g., Venus), negligible damage accumulation prevents the widespread development of plate tectonics, with only subduction zones surviving.
  • Post-plate development, evolving driving forces and inherited weaknesses promote tectonic complexity, including oblique subduction and minor plate fragmentation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model successfully explains the time lag in Earth's plate tectonics initiation by the interplay of lithospheric damage, mantle flow, and proto-subduction.
  • The model's applicability to Venus highlights the critical role of surface temperature and lithospheric properties in the onset and style of planetary tectonics.