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Complement activation and endotoxin levels in systemic meningococcal disease.

P Brandtzaeg1, T E Mollnes, P Kierulf

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Systemic meningococcal disease activates the complement system, primarily via lipooligosaccharides (LOS). This activation correlates with disease severity and fatality, suggesting a role in organ failure.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic meningococcal disease (SMD) is a severe infection.
  • The complement system plays a role in immune responses.
  • Understanding complement activation in SMD is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the activation state of the complement system in patients with SMD.
  • To correlate complement activation with endotoxin levels and disease severity.
  • To explore the role of complement activation in fatality.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 39 consecutively admitted SMD patients.
  • Utilized monoclonal antibodies to detect complement activation products (C3, SC5b-9).
  • Measured plasma lipooligosaccharides (LOS) levels on admission.

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Main Results:

  • Complement activation products (C3, SC5b-9) strongly correlated with plasma LOS levels (r = .79, P < .0001 and r = .76, P < .0001).
  • Complement activation levels were also correlated with fatality.
  • Severe illness involved activation of the entire complement cascade; high-grade activation persisted in non-survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are key activators of the complement system in SMD.
  • Complement activation products may contribute to multiple organ failure and death in severe SMD.
  • Targeting complement activation could be a therapeutic strategy for severe meningococcal disease.