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Update on endemic nephropathies.
Annika Wernerson1, Julia Wijkström, Carl-Gustaf Elinder
1Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|April 11, 2014
Summary
Endemic nephropathies, like Balkan endemic nephropathy caused by aristolochic acid, are significant contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further research is crucial to identify and prevent other endemic kidney diseases, such as Mesoamerican nephropathy.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Environmental Medicine
- Toxicology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology affects numerous patients globally.
- Endemic nephropathies are suspected contributors to the burden of CKD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review endemic nephropathies.
- To summarize current knowledge regarding the causes of endemic nephropathies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of endemic nephropathies.
- Analysis of research findings on Balkan endemic nephropathy.
- Review of recent findings on Mesoamerican nephropathy.
Main Results:
- The cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy was identified as aristolochic acid exposure from food.
- Mesoamerican nephropathy, affecting agricultural workers in hot climates, is a newly identified endemic kidney disease.
- Renal biopsy studies suggest dehydration and kidney ischemia contribute to Mesoamerican nephropathy pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Endemic nephropathies represent a significant cause of CKD.
- Epidemiological studies are essential to map the distribution of these diseases.
- Biopsy and clinical studies are necessary to determine causes and enable prevention of endemic nephropathies.
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