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Quasi-phase-matched high-order harmonic generation using tunable pulse trains.

Kevin O'Keeffe, David T Lloyd, Simon M Hooker

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    Summary

    Researchers demonstrated a simple technique for generating ultrafast pulse trains with tunable separation. This method enhances high harmonic generation intensity by over an order of magnitude, offering a tunable source for quasi-phase-matching applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrafast optics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) Physics

    Background:

    • High harmonic generation (HHG) is a key process for producing extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray radiation.
    • Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is crucial for efficiently generating coherent high-order harmonics.
    • Controlling the temporal structure of driving laser pulses can influence HHG dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a simple technique for generating tunable ultrafast pulse trains.
    • To utilize these pulse trains for tunable quasi-phase-matching in high harmonic generation.
    • To investigate the dependence of harmonic enhancement on pulse separation and number.

    Main Methods:

    • Generation of ultrafast pulse trains with continuously variable linear pulse separation.
    • Application of these pulse trains to drive high harmonic generation.
    • Systematic variation of pulse separation and number of pulses in the train.
    • Measurement of harmonic intensity and spectral characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved tunable quasi-phase-matching for high harmonic generation over a wide range of harmonic orders.
    • Observed harmonic intensity enhancements exceeding an order of magnitude.
    • Demonstrated a clear dependence of peak harmonic enhancement on pulse separation and the number of pulses.
    • Extended harmonic generation up to the phase-matching cut-off.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated technique provides an easily tunable source of quasi-phase-matched high harmonic generation.
    • Pulse separation and number are critical parameters for optimizing HHG intensity.
    • This method offers a versatile approach for controlling and enhancing HHG for various applications.