Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026

Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater
Published on: March 6, 2017
Lessons learnt from evaluating full-scale ammonium feedback control in three large wastewater treatment plants
L Åmand1, C Laurell2, K Stark-Fujii3
1IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 210 60, 100 31 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: linda.amand@ivl.se; Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 337, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract:
Three large wastewater treatment plants in Sweden participate in a project evaluating different types of ammonium feedback controllers in full-scale operation. The goal is to improve process monitoring, maintain effluent water quality and save energy. The paper presents the outcome of the long-term evaluation of controllers. Based on the experiences gained from the full-scale implementations, a discussion is provided about energy assessment for the purpose of comparing control strategies. The most important conclusions are the importance of long-term experiments and the difficulty of comparing energy consumption based on air flow rate measurements.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Bioreactor Controls-I
Bioreactor Design and Operational System
Effects of feedback
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Bioreactor Controls-II
Feedback control systems
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
Net Change Theorem

