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Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

Automated quantification reveals hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial angiogenic function.

Anthony R Prisco¹, John D Bukowy¹, Brian R Hoffmann¹

¹Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.

|April 11, 2014

Summary

High blood glucose (hyperglycemia) in diabetes mellitus inhibits blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in vitro. A new open-source software tool, Pipeline, enables faster and more accurate analysis of these effects.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Diabetology

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic linked to hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia can impair angiogenesis, a critical process for blood vessel formation.
Current methods for analyzing angiogenesis in vitro, like the Matrigel tube formation assay (TFA), are time-consuming and subjective.

Purpose of the Study:

Develop and validate an open-source software tool (Pipeline v1.3) for high-throughput, automated analysis of TFA images.
Validate an in vitro hyperglycemic model to study the effects of high glucose on endothelial cells.
Quantify the impact of hyperglycemia on angiogenesis in vitro.

Main Methods:

Developed Pipeline v1.3, an open-source software for automated morphometric analysis of TFA images.
Cultured endothelial cells on Matrigel under normal and high glucose conditions for 1-2 weeks.
Assessed tube formation, total tube length, and branch points using both Pipeline and manual analysis.

Main Results:

Pipeline v1.3 enabled automated quantification of tubular metrics from TFA images.
Endothelial cells cultured in high glucose for 2 weeks showed significantly reduced tube length and fewer branch points compared to controls.
Pipeline analysis was faster and more accurate than manual quantification.

Conclusions:

Hyperglycemia significantly inhibits endothelial tube formation in vitro.
The Pipeline software provides an accurate and efficient tool for analyzing angiogenesis assays.
Pipeline has potential applications in other areas, such as retinal vasculature analysis.