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Aging and response conflict solution: behavioural and functional connectivity changes.

Robert Langner1, Edna C Cieslik, Simone D Behrwind

  • 1Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany, robert.langner@uni-duesseldorf.de.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy aging impairs cognitive control due to reduced functional connectivity in brain networks. Older adults struggle with conflict resolution, impacting abstract thought and action control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Healthy aging is linked to reduced response conflict resolution efficiency.
  • The underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of this age-related decline are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of age-related decline in response conflict resolution.
  • To examine age differences in functional connectivity within a specific brain network.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted, including behavioral assessments of conflict resolution and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 399 adults (18-85 years).
  • Functional connectivity was analyzed between key brain regions, and results were controlled for grey-matter atrophy.
  • Meta-analytic functional profiling was used to determine the cognitive associations of identified brain nodes.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited slower response times in conflict resolution tasks.
  • Significant age-related decreases in functional connectivity were found between the anterior insula, pre-supplementary motor area, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
  • These age effects on connectivity remained significant after accounting for brain atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy aging is associated with decreased functional connectivity in specific brain networks crucial for cognitive control.
  • Difficulties in activating relevant task schemata, rather than conflict resolution per se, may underlie age-related cognitive control deficits.
  • Findings suggest a shift in brain network function with age, impacting abstract cognition and action control.