Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.4K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.4K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

14.7K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
14.7K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

8.2K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
8.2K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

8.1K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
8.1K
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

14.3K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
14.3K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

4.9K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Durability and offloading performance of 3D-printed multilayer lattice for accommodative insoles.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026
Same author

The Role of L4-L5 Facet Joint and Disc-Related Anatomy in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: An Imaging Study.

Spine·2026
Same author

Measuring Value in Surgery: A Scoping Review of Economic Indices Across Specialties.

The Journal of surgical research·2026
Same author

Balancing Act: Infection Risks of Nonoperative Treatments Before Lumbar Fusion: Commentary on an article by Sahyun Sung, MD, et al.: "Effect of Preoperative Acupuncture and Epidural Steroid Injection on Early Postoperative Infection After Lumbar Spinal Fusion".

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same author

The relationship between distal lumbar lordosis correction and early postoperative L1-pelvic angle changes in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Spine deformity·2026
Same author

In Vivo Assessment of Distal Femur Fracture Motion via Weightbearing CT.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

12.0K

Talonavicular joint coverage and bone morphology between different foot types.

Philip K Louie1, Bruce J Sangeorzan, Michael J Fassbind

  • 1RR&D Center of Excellence for Limb Loss Prevention and Prosthetic Engineering, VA Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, 98108; School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|April 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct 3D talonavicular joint (TNJ) parameters in cavus and planus feet. Differences in bone morphology and joint orientation can help classify foot types and predict predispositions.

Keywords:
navicularpes cavuspes planustalonavicular jointtalus

More Related Videos

Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy
06:45

Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy

Published on: November 28, 2025

335
A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

12.0K
Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy
06:45

Automated Joint Space Detection Improves Bone Segmentation Accuracy

Published on: November 28, 2025

335
A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Biomechanics
  • Podiatry
  • Medical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Foot deformities like pes cavus and pes planus significantly impact biomechanics and patient mobility.
  • Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) talonavicular joint (TNJ) morphology and orientation is crucial for accurate classification and diagnosis.
  • Previous studies often relied on 2D imaging, limiting comprehensive analysis of the complex 3D joint structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore 3D talonavicular joint (TNJ) coverage and orientation, alongside bone morphology, to identify parameters for classifying cavus and planus foot types.
  • To investigate intrinsic bone shape and extrinsic positional differences within the TNJ across different foot alignments.
  • To reveal potential indicators for predispositions to cavus and planus foot conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of 3D models from computed tomography (CT) images of 65 feet (40 subjects) across three groups: pes cavus, neutrally aligned, and pes planus (asymptomatic/symptomatic).
  • Calculation of talonavicular joint (TNJ) coverage (talar and navicular overlap).
  • Measurement of navicular orientation, talar and navicular bone morphology, and talar head angular position relative to the body.

Main Results:

  • Pes cavus feet exhibited significantly reduced TNJ coverage compared to neutrally aligned and asymptomatic pes planus feet.
  • Pes cavus feet showed increased navicular dorsiflexion and adduction, with an inverted talar head relative to the body.
  • Symptomatic pes planus feet displayed significant navicular abduction and a plantarflexed talar head, while planus feet showed talar head eversion compared to neutral feet.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct intrinsic (bone morphology) and extrinsic (bone positioning) differences characterize cavus and planus foot types within the talonavicular joint.
  • 3D analysis of TNJ parameters provides valuable insights for classifying foot deformities and understanding their underlying biomechanical predispositions.
  • These findings can inform clinical diagnosis, surgical planning, and the development of targeted interventions for foot conditions.